On the 15th of February 1564, the Italian astronomer, philosopher, mathematician and physicist Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy. Often considered the father of science, Galileo established a new perception of the physical world. Fascinated by the invention of telescope, he constructed one himself and conducted observation of such celestial bodies as the Moon, Jupiter and its four moons, Venus, Saturn, Neptune, Milky Way, and various stars. This allowed him to discover certain law of interdependences between planets and stars, which led him on to support the Copernican heliocentric system. These claims turned him into the subject of major criticism from the Church. Tried by the Holy Office and found guilty of heresy, he was forced to spend the last years of his life under house arrest.
In 1638, Galileo published Two New Sciences, the work compiling his lifetime research on kinematics and strength of materials.
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